1. https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/idioms.html#string-interpolation

   Code Block
   println("Name $name")

   
   

2. Prefer read-only `val` over mutable `var`
   

   Code Block
   /* bad */ var counter = 0 for(i in 0..20){ counter += i } /* preferred */ val sum = (0..20).sum()

   
   

3. Unit as a return type

   Code Block
   fun doSomething(): Unit{ println("do something") }

   
   

4. https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/idioms.html#single-expression-functions

   Code Block
   fun theAnswer() = 42

   
   

5. https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/idioms.html#default-values-for-function-parameters

   Code Block
   fun foo(a: Int = 0, b: String = "") { ... }

   
   

6. https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/idioms.html#creating-a-singleton

   Code Block
   object Resource { val name = "Name" }

   
   

7. https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/idioms.html#instance-checks

   Code Block
   when (x) { is Foo -> ... is Bar -> ... else -> ... }

   
   

8. https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/idioms.html#creating-dtos-pojospocos
   

   Code Block
   data class Customer(val name: String, val email: String)

   
   

9. Use the fact that `return` and `throw` have type `Nothing`, https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/idioms.html#todo-marking-code-as-incomplete

   Code Block
   val x = foo() ?: return notFound() val y = if(conditionSatisfied()){ 1.0 } else { error("Condition is not satisfied"}//throws inside, the type is Nothing }

   https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/idioms.html#return-on-when-statement

   Code Block
   fun transform(color: String): Int { return when (color) { "Red" -> 0 "Green" -> 1 "Blue" -> 2 else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid color param value") } }

   
   

10. Nullable truth.

    Code Block
    a?.b == true //instead of a?.b ?: false

    
    

11. var x: String?; x = x ?: "Hello"; (analog for dart ?=)

    Code Block
    var x: String? = null x = x ?: "Hello"

    
    

12. Safe chain and elvis (https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/idioms.html#if-not-null-and-else-shorthand)
    

    Code Block
    val files = File("Test").listFiles() println(files?.size ?: "empty")

    
    

13. https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/idioms.html#execute-if-not-null

    Code Block
    val value = ... value?.let { ... // execute this block if not null }

    
    

14. https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/idioms.html#extension-functions

    Code Block
    fun String.spaceToCamelCase() { ... } "Convert this to camelcase".spaceToCamelCase()

    
    

15. Extension properties

    Code Block
    import java.util.Calendar var Calendar.year get() = get(Calendar.YEAR) set(value) = set(Calendar.YEAR, value) val calendar = Calendar.getInstance() println(calendar.year) // 2020 calendar.year = 2021 println(calendar.year) // 2021

    
    

16. Using with/let/run to create a scope
17. Using apply/also to add a finalizing action
    https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/idioms.html#configuring-properties-of-an-object-apply

18.  https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/idioms.html#read-only-list

    Code Block
    val list = listOf("a", "b", "c")

    
    

19. Simple empty collection

    Code Block
    fun doSomething(additionalArguments: List<String> = emptyList())

    
    

20. https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/idioms.html#accessing-a-map

    Code Block
    println(map["key"]) map["key"] = value

    
    

21. Destructuring declaration (https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/idioms.html#traversing-a-maplist-of-pairs)
    

    Code Block
    for ((k, v) in map) { println("$k -> $v") } val (a,b) = Pair(1, 2)

    
    

22. Public var with a private/protected setter

    Code Block
    var a: Int = 2 protected set // accessible only in descendents

    Mutable private - read-only public collections.

    Code Block
    ptivate val _list = ArrayList<Int>() val list: List<Int> get() = _list

    
    

23. https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/idioms.html#checking-element-presence-in-a-collection

    Code Block
    if ("john@example.com" in emailsList) { ... } if ("jane@example.com" !in emailsList) { ... }

    
    

24. ranges instead of for loops (https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/idioms.html#using-ranges):

    Code Block
    for (i in 1..100) { ... } // closed range: includes 100 for (i in 1 until 100) { ... } // half-open range: does not include 100 for (x in 2..10 step 2) { ... } for (x in 10 downTo 1) { ... } if (x in 1..10) { ... }

    
    

25. Trailing lambdas (place lambda the last in the function parameters list, try to provide default values for parameters). Try to make such functions inline (to remove lambda creating overhead).
    

    Code Block
    fun integrate(from: Double = 0.0, to: Double = 1.0, function: (Double)→Double): Double {...} integrate{x→x*x + 2*x + 1} integrate(0.0, Pi){ sin(it) }

    
    

26. .filter.map.reduce (collection processing, higher order functions) (https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/idioms.html#filtering-a-list)
    

    Code Block
    val list: List<Int> = listOf(1,2,3,4,5,6) val result = list .filter{it%2 == 0} //select even numbers .map{it*it} // get square of each element .sumByDouble{it.toDouble()} //use one of reduce operations

Unsorted

• Companion object

1. Assignment to `if`/`when`/`try`

   Code Block
   val

1. a

1. = if(b>0) 0 else 1

   https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/idioms.

1. html#trycatch-expression

   Code Block
   fun

1. test(

1. )

1. { val

1. result

1. =

1. try {

1. count() } catch (e:

1. ArithmeticException) {

1. throw IllegalStateException(e) }

1. //

1. Working

1. with result }

   
   

   Code Block

1. val ioResult: IOResult? = try

1. { readFromFile() //assign result if it read is

1. successful } catch

1. (

1. t:

1. FileNotFoundException)

1. { null // return null if file

1. not found }

   
   

2. https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/idioms.html#builder-style-usage-of-methods-that-return-unit
   
   
   

   Code Block
   fun arrayOfMinusOnes(size: Int): IntArray { return IntArray(size).apply { fill(-1) } }

   
   

3. Scoped use of objects (https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/idioms.html#java-7s-try-with-resources)

   Code Block
   val stream = Files.newInputStream(Paths.get("/some/file.txt")) stream.buffered().reader().use { reader -> println(reader.readText()) }

   
   

4. Companion object. Use companion object as an ID

5. Factory method instead of constructors

   Code Block
   class Doubles(val list: DoubleArray) @Suppress("FunctionName") fun Doubles(vararg numbers: Number) = Doubles(numbers.map{it.toDouble()}.toDoubleArray()) Doubles(1,2,3)

   
   

6. Lazy properties https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/idioms.html#lazy-property
   
   

   Code Block
   val p: String by lazy { // compute the string }

   
   

7. https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/idioms.html#convenient-form-for-a-generic-function-that-requires-the-generic-type-information
   
   

   Code Block
   // public final class Gson { // ... // public <T> T fromJson(JsonElement json, Class<T> classOfT) throws JsonSyntaxException { // ... inline fun <reified T: Any> Gson.fromJson(json: JsonElement): T = this.fromJson(json, T::class.java)

   
   

   Non-local return

   Code Block
   fun foo() { listOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).forEach { if (it == 3) return // non-local return directly to the caller of foo() print(it) } println("this point is unreachable") }

• Factory method instead of constructors

• Public var with a private/protected setter
  

var a: Int = 2
	protected set // accessible only in descendents

• Assignment to `if`/`when`/`try`
  

val a = if(b>0) 0 else 1

val ioResult: IOResult? = try{
  readFromFile() //assign result if it read is successful
} catch(t: FileNotFoundException){
  null // return null if file not found
}

class Doubles(val list: DoubleArray)

@Suppress("FunctionName")
fun Doubles(vararg numbers: Number) = Doubles(numbers.map{it.toDouble()}.toDoubleArray())

Doubles(1,2,3)

1. DoubleArray vs Array<Double> vs List<Double>

Unsorted

• Read line

val map: MutableMap<String, Int>
val (a, b) = readlLine()?.split(" ") ?: error("No line to read") // read line and split it by given delimeter and use destructuring declaration
map[a] = b.toInt() // Convert the value on-flight and assign it

• Use JMH for benchmarking